Interview with John Connelly--April 6, 2018

Interview with John Connelly, Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley. The interview was conducted at Berkeley on April 6, 2018. To access the audio of the complete interview, click here

Connelly completed his BSFS at Georgetown and his MA and PhD at Harvard. He is the author of three books: Captive University: The Sovietization of East German, Czech, and Polish Higher Education, 1945-1956 (2000), which won the George L. Beer Prize of the American Historical Association in 2001From Enemy to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933–1965 (2012), which won the John Gilmary Shea Book Prize of the American Catholic Historical Association in 2013; and most recently From Peoples into Nations: A History of Eastern Europe (2020).

Special thanks to Cindy Zeng (Brown University, class of 2020) for preparing an inventory of the interview.

Interview Themes

0:00: Introduction

1:10: Connelly's attraction to Central Europe

2:10: Experiences and cultural interests in West Germany, the Soviet Union, and Poland

3:30: Anecdotes and conversations with people living in East Germany, complications with speaking publicly about the regimes and people’s internalized expectations about their behavior

5:05: Border changes over time and states' control over citizens

6:35: Differences between Germany and Poland in attitudes toward the state and beliefs about the state

7:35: Customs authority as politicized vs. not politicized position in Germany vs. Poland

8:00: Different attitudes toward the past; existence of a unified German state vs. unified Polish state

8:30: Differences in material conditions of Poland/East Germany

9:00: Infrastructure that made it possible for him to live in Germany/Poland

10:20: Grad school in the US and summers researching in Europe

11:00: People who influenced Connelly's intellectual development in 70s and 80s, relevant courses

13:25: Center for European Studies

13:50: Lessons learned from mentors--a critical approach to German history, a mental map of the East European past, accurate and painstaking approach to source criticism

16:00: Linguistic skills of other scholars, most East European scholars know at least Slavic languages

16:30: People with multiple languages

18:20: Shifts in historiography toward intellectual preoccupations (i.e. nationalism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism)

19:10: Shift away from totalitarian theory especially after 1989 in Germany and Central Europe

20:20: Nationalism studies since the 70s/80s

21:30: Shatter zones

22:10: Critical attitude to Yugoslavia 

23:00: Nationalism constructed

24:00: Herderian influences in Europe

24:50: Development of ideas of nationalism

25:30: How historiography feeds off trends

26:00: Nationalism as the history of ideas, social history

27:00: Earlier writings of nationalism and subsequent corrections

27:40: Historical events as red herring or fruitful reevaluation

28:00: Wars in Yugoslavia and their impact on views of extreme nationalism

29:20: Historical work, the emergence of populism, the 1920s assumption that democracy would take root naturally

31:00: Liberalism

32:00: Nazi Germany's economics of fascism and the legacy of war

33:00: Tim Snyder on neo-populism, inequality

34:00: German fascism in Bohemian Austria, Nazi party creation, Romania and Hungary

35:30: Italy, the Depression, the rise to power of the Nazis in Germany

36:25: Poland's current political situation, the blind spot of the liberal elite, market economy, election

38:00: Origin of research projects; multinational contexts

39:00: Science and Stalinism in Poland

41:00: 3-country comparison, Harvard advisor

41:30: Emphasizing differences within comparative history

42:00: Afterlife of the model

43:20: Cross-border studies

45:10: Current book project, From Enemy to Brother, origins

47:00: Converts from Judaism in the Czech Republic

47:50: Austro-fascism

48:20: Relationship between historiography and morality

49:00: Evolution of Catholic thought away from anti-Judaism

51:00: Narrative arc of intellectual interests: questions of identity, groups/individual

52:40: Motivations for writing the history of Eastern Europe

54:30: Nationalism as a political phenomenon and movement

57:20: Progress of the book

57:50: Chapter on the 19C, Congress of Berlin

59:30: Areas in the field that could benefit from more development

1:00:30: Liberal nationalism, why does this produce Fascist/not-Fascist outcomes

1:01:40: Philosophy of history, Church history, technology

1:04:20: Graduate training, strategies

1:06:00: Accessible writing for East European history

1:07:00: Area studies trajectory and significance for field of history

1:08:40: East Europeanists' dominance in European field and implications